Lithification and Diagenesis
Lithification (lithification of the verb to lithify, which means a stone) is a process by which new dust sediments (unconsolidated) is slowly transformed into sedimentary rocks. During litifikasi changes occur. Overall the changes, in chemistry, physics and biology that affect sediment deposited since, during and after litifikasi called diagenesis. Diagenesis major changes and simple is compacting and cementing.
Compacting. The burden of accumulated sediment or other material causing grain relationships become more sticky and water contained in pore spaces between grains get out. Thus the volume of sedimentary rocks are formed into smaller, yet very compact.
Cementation. With the release of water from pore spaces, materials dissolved in it settles and glue (cement) the grains of sediment. Materials can cement a carbonate (CaCO3), silica (SiO2), oxides (iron) or clay minerals. These processes result in sediment porosity becomes smaller than the original material.
Recrystallization. When sediment accumulates, the minerals are less stable crystallized back or recrystallization, becomes stable. This process generally occurs in the porous coral limestone. Mineral aragonite (coral skeleton structure of living material), over time recrystallization be polimorfnya form, calcite.
Chemical alteration greatly affect the formation of sediments. The presence of oxygen, oxidizing environment, making turns organic waste into carbon dioxide and water, so that no organic remains. And absence of oxygen, reduction of environmental, organic remains are not entirely corrupted or modified. Even slowly turns into a solid carbon. After the physical properties of sedimentary rocks changed from the original dust, soft, becomes compact and hard
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